Cross-cutting relationships point to a long history...

Migmatitic gneisses of the Nanga Parbat massif cross-cut by an amphibolite sheet.
Migmatitic gneisses of the Nanga Parbat massif cross-cut by an amphibolite sheet. Field relationships like this point to a period of metamorphism and migmatisation that preceeds a episode of basaltic dyke intrusion.Since the basic magmatism probably long preceeds Himalayan collision, the adjacent gneisses presumably also experienced migmatisation long before Himalayan orogeny. These outcrops come from the Indus gorge.