Models for how the continents deform during the collision

Argand's 1921 model for thickening the Tibetan crust - by underthrusting the Indian continent. This remarkable section predates formal plate-tectonic concepts by over 45 years.

Argand's model for thickening the Tibetan crust

The indentor model - thickening Tibet

Computer models of India indenting the Eurasian continent can be seen by clicking here.

The indentor model - extruding Tibet

The indenter model - extruding Tibet

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